Thermal Determinants and Rainfall Required for Apple Cultivation in Latakia Governorate

Abstract

Apple cultivation in Latakia Governorate is a source of livelihood for many rural families and contributes to the local economy through domestic marketing and even export to other Syrian regions. and marketing difficulties under certain circumstances. This would enhance the governorate's position as a leading region in Syrian apple production.

Despite its great potential, apple cultivation in Latakia faces several challenges, including climate change. Apple farming is a vital agricultural activity sensitive to climatic conditions such as temperature and rainfall. Therefore, understanding the relationship between this crop and climate is essential. This research highlights the suitable and optimal climatic conditions (temperature, rainfall) and their impact on crop quality and productivity in Latakia Governorate. The study is based on an analysis of climatic and agricultural data from 2013 to 2023, focusing on temperature and precipitation. The results showed that winter dormancy temperatures (7-13°C) were higher than the ideal range (0-7°C), affecting dormancy efficiency. However, conditions were suitable for flowering and fruit growth stages (15-25°C). Annual rainfall recorded a good average (853-1172 mm) but with uneven distribution. The study recommends implementing artificial cooling techniques during winter and improving irrigation systems to address summer rainfall shortages. These findings provide a practical framework for enhancing apple production under changing climatic conditions.