ظاهرة الإمالة عند العرب القدماء
Abstract
نتناول في بحثنا ثلاثة جوانب رئيسة ؛ أولها "تعريف الإمالة": و هي في اللغة مشتقة من الميل وهي مصدر أملت الشيء إمالة إذا عدلت به إلى غير الجهة التي هو فيها ، من مال الشيء يميل ميلا إذا انحرف عن القصد .وفي الاصطلاح :أن تميل الألف نحو الياء والفتحة نحو الكسرة ، أو هي نطق الألف بين الألف والياء،والفتحة كالكسرة.
وأما الجانب الثاني فقد أفردناه لدراسة الإمالة من النواحي الصرفية والنحوية والدلالية ، وبينّا أنها من أصوات اللغة المستحسنة التي تهدف إلى الخفة ، وهي إلى ذلك ظاهرة لغوية تتسم بالشيوع والتداخل إضافة إلى كونها موجودة في اللهجات القديمة والمعاصرة واللغة الفصيحة . كما بينا العلاقة التي تربط الإمالة بعلم النحو ورأينا أن هناك علاقة وثيقة بين علم النحو وعلم الأصوات والتأثيرات متبادلة بحيث تؤدي التغيرات الصوتية إلى تغيرات نحوية والعوامل النحوية تؤدي إلى تغيرات صوتية .
وفي الجانب الثالث حاولنا استخراج قواعد الإمالة عند مختلف القبائل العربية ودرسنا المنهج الذي اتبعه القدماء في وضع هذه القواعد ، ولقد خرجنا بأنهم اعتمدوا في معالجة ظاهرة الإمالة على النظرية والمثال والتعليل .
Inclination in language is derived from incline, which is the infinitive that means to give something little turning. If you change something to a direction different from that in what was before, it diviates from the main purpose: A becomes y, The upper tone becomes lower, I.. E. the pronunciation of A becomes between A and Y so the tone changes.
Inclination is one of the most favorable language sounds. The target intended is lessening. It is a lingual phenomenon characterized by spreading and interlacing. Morphologically Inclination is found in all ancient and contemporary dialects and even in contemporary standard language. Butt the link between grammar and sounds is very strong. The effects are exchanged in a way that vowels changes lead to grammatical changes, and grammatical factors lead to changes in sounds.
Therefore inclination is a linguistic sound carries expressive value when it takes place.
We tried to come out with special rules of inclination among different Arabic tribes and studied the course which they followed in setting there rules , we found that they depended in dealing with the phenomenon of inclination on theory , example and reasons .
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