المعجم العربي وإشكالية المصطلح العلمي الحديث
Abstract
اللغة أداة التفكير ووسيلة التواصل في المجتمعات، والمعاجم كتب الألفاظ ومدلولاتها. والمعجم العربي قديمه وحديثه مستودع لغة الأمة، يستوعب مصطلحاتها وألفاظها الأصيلة والدخيلة والمعرّبة والمولّدة. وقد تطوّرت المعجمات العربية لتواكب التطور وتصبح أيسر استعمالاً وتناولاً. وهدف هذا البحث بيان دور المعجم العربي في استيعاب المصطلحات العلمية الحديثة، ومحاولة عرض المشكلات التي تواجه المعجمية الحديثة، بسبب الكم الهائل من المصطلحات العلمية الوافدة، فالمعجم العلمي الحديث قد يكون شاملاً يضم مصطلحات علوم عدّة، وقد يكون مختصاً بعلم من العلوم، يساير تطوّره ويواكب جديده، كالمعجم الطبي، والمعجم الهندسي، والمعجم الزراعي... الخ.
وتلك المصطلحات أصيلة فصيحةً، أو معرّبةً ومولّدةً – كيفما كانت – لا تخرج على خصائص اللغة العربية وضوابطها الاشتقاقية ومقاييسها، وتتطلّب جهوداً مضاعفة لاستقصائها ودرسها وتوحيدها وتعريبها على مستوى الوطن العربي.
Language is a means of communication and a tool of intellect. The Arabic lexicon, old or modern, is the nation's language store, as it assimilates its original, loan, Arabized, and coined terminologies and utterances. This research aims at demonstrating the role of Arabic lexicon in assimilating modern scientific terminologies and the problems and difficulties confronting modern lexicography. Thus, the modern scientific lexicon can be so comprehensive as to combine the terminologies of various sciences; it can also be used for a specific science, such as the medical, engineering, and agricultural lexicon. These terminologies, however, do not violate the Arabic language properties, derivational constraints, and measures.
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