The Model of Scientific Progress between Thomas Kuhn and Larry Laudan

Abstract

The current study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the program in reducing the level of depression among women with breast cancer, based on the importance of recreational physical activity in improving psychological state and reducing emotional disorders associated with the disease. The sample consisted of 16 women with breast cancer. The researcher used the experimental method with a pre- and post-measurement design for experimental and control groups, as it suited the nature of the research and achieved its objectives. The researcher used the Aaron Beck Depression Inventory to measure the severity of depression for both the control and experimental groups in a pre-measurement and post-measurement. The questionnaire consisted of 21 items divided into five axes: Mood states, Emotions and thoughts, Physical symptoms, Functional performance, and Feelings about self. The researcher also designed a recreational sports program consisting of three training units (walking, aerobics, yoga). The program was applied to the experimental group, and then the data were processed using statistical operations (SPSS). Among the most prominent results was the presence of statistically significant differences in the level of depression severity among women with breast cancer in Lattakia city between the control and experimental groups in the post-test.