طرق القصر وتجلياته في التَّركيب اللغويّ
Abstract
يتناول هذا البحث دراسة لطرق أسلوب القصر المتعدِّدة ، هذه الطرق كما صنَّفها علماء النحو والبلاغة،
تنقسم إلى أربعة أقسام هي: القصر بالنَّفيّ والاستثناء، والقصر بـ (إنَّما) ، والقصر باستخدام حروف العطف:
(بل - لا - لكن) ، والقصر بتقديم ما حقُّه التأخير ، وهذا النَّوع هو جانب من ثلاثة جوانب تندرج تحت
إطار ما يُسمَّى (القصر بالدَّلالات والقرائن في الكلام) ، إذ لم يحظَ الجانبان الآخران بالاهتِّمام الكافي ، وهما
(القصر بإضافة ضمير الفصل) و (والقصر بتعريف طرفي الإسناد) . لذا فإنَّ أسلوب القصر أشمل من ذلك وأكثر اتِّساعاً ، فهو ينفذ إلى طرقٍ أخرى لا تقلُّ أهميَّة عن الطُّرق الأربع السَّابقة ، من مثل ما يلي :
1- أنْ تدلَّ العبارة اللغويَّة على معنى القصر وهذه التراكيب لا حصر لها ، فقد يقدِّم (الحال) معنى القصر والاختصاص .
2- أو أنْ يكون القصر حاصلاً بدليلٍ خارج عن النَّص بحيث لا يُفهم المراد ، ولا يتأتَّى معنى القصر إلَّا بتوفُّر قصّة ما ، أو رواية ، تتعلَّق بالتَّركيب المراد به تقديم معنى القصر .
3- أنْ يكون القصر بإضافة ضمير الفصل ، ولكن بتوفر شروط معيَّنة في الاسم الواقع قبل ضمير الفصل ، وشروط خاصَّة بالاسم الواقع بعده ، كما يوجد شروط تتعلَّق بضمير الفصل ذاته .
4- تعريف طرفي القصر .
This research deals with the study of the various and multiple of limitation mode . these methods as rhetoricians and syntax scholar have categorized are in four groups : negation and exception , limitation of ( Innama ) , limitation of conjunctions ( mot , but , not only but ) and limitation by proffering what's must be delayed . but limitation methods is wider and more comprehensive , and it goes into other ways which are not less important than the four pervious ones as the following :
1- When the linguistic phrase refers to limitation meaning but this can't be counted , may introduce (adverb ) the meaning of limitation and competence .
2- Limitation could be available out of the text itself , thus it can't be interpreted unless it is put into a story or a novel that that are related to the purpose .
3- By adding subjective pronouns by some particular conditions related to the name that precedes the subject pronouns , and other conditions of the following noun , and some other conditions of the pronoun itself .
4- The definition of the tow parts of the limitation .
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