قبيلة الأزد والدولة الإسلامية الأولى ( عصر الرسول والخلفاء الراشدين )
Abstract
الأزد قبيلة عربية يمنية من قبائل عرب الجنوب ، سكنت في عهدها الأول بلاد اليمن بجوار سد مأرب ، وكان لها شأن رفيع في مضمار الحضارة العربية قبل الإسلام وبعده ، عاشت ردحاً من الزمن عيشة رغيدة مع باقي القبائل اليمنية الأخرى المجاورة لها نظراً لاشتغالهم في التجارة ، واحتكارهم الملاحة البحرية والأسواق العالمية ، غير أن أحوالهم تغيرت سلباً بفعل اكتشاف الرومان أسرار قوة الملاحة اليمنية فتحولت طرق التجارة عن بلادهم وفقدت أسواقهم أهميتها ، وتهدمت سدودهم ، وجدبت أرضهم ، فكانت هذه العوامل مجتمعة سبباً في دفع الأزد إلى الهجرة باحثة عن مناطق أكثر خيراً ورزقاً ، واصطحبوا معهم في ترحالهم كل ما عرفوه من جوانب الحضارة التي مارسوها في ديارهم الأولى . ولما جاء الإسلام لبّت معظم قبائل الأزد الدعوة الإسلامية وظهر منهم رجالات كان لهم تأثير كبير في سير الأحداث السياسية التي شهدتها الدولة الإسلامية الأولى .
Al-AZD is a Southern Yemeni Arab tribe that inhabited the area next to Mareb Dam and had a prominent position in the pre-Islamic Arab civilization and afterwards. This tribe in addition to other neighboring Yemeni tribes lived prosperously, because they controlled the land and sea routes of world trade at that time. Later on, their life changed drastically because the Roman discovery of the Yemeni navigation power: new trade routes were taken, and they lost their prosperity; all these factors contributed to driving these tribes including al-Azd to search for more fertile lands, bringing with them their cultural elements. When Islam spread in Arabia, most of Al-Azd tribes embraced it, and many of them played a significant role in the political arena of the first Islamic State.
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