ثُنائيّة (الطَّبع والصَّنعة) في شعر البحتري
Abstract
هـذا البحث محاولـةُ اختـبارٍ لفكـرةٍ سادتْ عند كثيـرٍ منَ النّقّـاد القـدماء والمحدثين؛ فكـأنّهـا تنـام ملءَ جفونهـا، ويسهـرُ الخَلْـقُ جَـرّاهـا ويختصم. إنّهـا فكرةُ الفصلِ بينَ الطّبع والصّنعة؛ بل التعارض بينهما. فقد غدتْ من المسلّمات عند كثيـرٍ مـن الـدارسين الـذين دلـفوا إليهـا من باب التسليم بالتناقض بين طرفيها. وهـذا المدخل لـن يجدي نفعاً لأنـه سيقود إلى التعصب لأحد الطرفين، فيعيد إنتاج ما تم إنتاجه، ولأنه يغفل عن ماهية الطبع، وماهية الصنعة، ولعل أخطر ما فيه قصورُه عن إدراك مفهوم الفن الشعري. وإذ يتوخى هذا الاختبار اقتراحَ بديلٍ نقدي لتناول هذه القضية؛ فإنه يَشيمُ بُـروقَ القراءاتِ الجديدة التـي تجعل وكـدَها التأثيلَ والتوثيقَ والمُناقدَةَ؛ قائلاً: لقد أصغينا دهراً إلى وجهة نظر التلقي، و تجاهلنا رؤى الإبداع، ويقتضي منا الاستقراءُ التام أن نستكشف هذه الأرضَ البكر؛ بغيةَ إنشاء حوار مثمر مع تراثنـا الجليل؛ يبرز دُرَّهُ المكنونَ وراء الآراء الموروثة التي يحسب بعض الدارسين أنها بديهيات لا جدال فيها، ولا باطل يأتيها من بين يديها ولا من خلفها.
This research probes the idea of separating the spontaneous from the manufactured, or even their contradiction in the writings of many old and modern critics. Such contradiction has been taken for granted by many without fully investigating the so-called spontaneous and manufactured poetry, which has led to many misconceptions.
This study suggests a critical alternative for tackling this issue by carefully documented criticism. We have long been passive receivers ignoring the visions of creativity which must be given its dues. Our task is to probe into our glorious heritage, uncovering its treasures and questioning some inherited and still "unquestionable"views.
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