دراسة أولية لتوزع الإسفنجيات والأحياء المرافقة لها في الشاطئ السوري
Abstract
تم خلال هذا البحث القيام بمسح أولي لتحديد أنواع الإسفنجيات و الأنواع السمكية والأحياء القاعية المرافقة لها والمتعايشة معها. جُمعت العينات على أعماق تراوحت مابين 5-35 م في كل من البسيط وابن هانئ وبانياس وطرطوس شهرياً. أظهرت النتائج وجود (18) نوعاً من الإسفنجيات أكثرها غزارة النوع Ircinia sp والنوع Hyppospongia communis المنتشرين على القاع الصخري مترافقين مع أنواع من ثنائيات المصراع والطحالب الحمراء الكلسية والقراصيات. كما لوحظت تجمعات من أنواع الإسفنجيات: Chondrosia reniformis, Axinella polypoides, A. verrucosa, Agelas oroides, Crambe crambe ولوحظ وجود بعض الفروقات النوعية والكمية في أنواع الاسفنجيات من محطة إلى أخرى. خمسة أنواع منها ذات قيمة اقتصادية وصيدلانية أهمها النوع Spongia officinalis والنوع Hippospongia communis.وقد تميز النوع الأخير بوجود (8) أنواع قاعية أخرى متعايشة ضمنه. سجل وجود (14) نوعاً من الأسماك في البيئة القاعية قرب مناطق توزع الإسفنجيات، بالإضافة إلى (26) نوعاً من القاعيات المختلفة.
This study deals with the distribution of sponge species and their associated living organisms in the Syrian marine ecosystem. The samples were collected monthly at depths ranging from 5–35 m. in 4 stations: Albassit, Ibn hani, Banias and Tartous. The results revealed 18 sponge species. Ircinia sp. & Hyppospongia communis was more abundant and accompanied with bivalvia and red algae. In addition, there were large quantities of sponge species like Agelas orides, Axinella verrucusa, Chndrosia reniformis, Crambe crambe. Some differences between sponge species concerning species composition and abundance along the Syrian coast were reported. Five species, like Spongia officinalis and Hippospongia communis, have an economic and pharmaceutical importance; the first one has 8 associated species of living organisms. In addition, 14 fish species and 26 other living organisms were distributed in the sponge habitats.
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