الاستجابة الفيزيولوجية للملوحة لدى بعض الطرز الوراثية من القمح (Triticum spp.) في مرحلة النبات الفتيّ
Abstract
تشكل الملوحة عائقاً رئيسياً في نموّ النبات، حيث تواجه محاصيل الحبوب هذه المشكلة في سورية. لذلك يعتبر استخدام طراز وراثي من القمح مقاوم للملوحة أمراً ضرورياً. ضمن هذا الاتجاه، تمّ إنجاز دراسة عن حالة الماء، استبعاد الأوراق لشوارد الصوديوم Na+ والانتخابية K+/ Na+ لخمسة طرز وراثية من القمح (ثلاثة طرز من القمح القاسي: حوراني، شام 3، شام 1 ؛ واثنان من القمح الطري: شام 4، وشام 6) في مرحلة النبات الفتي بعمر أربعة أوراق. المعامل بخمسة تراكيز ملحية ( شاهد، 8، 12، 16، 20 dS m-1 ) بغية إدراك الأوليات الأساسية لتطوير معيار التحمل للملوحة.
بدت الطرز الوراثية من القمح القاسي أقلّ تحملاً للملوحة مقارنةً بتلك من القمح الطري شام 4 وشام 6 حيث راكمت الأقماح القاسية المدروسة في أوراقها وجذورها كمية أكبر من Na+ وكمية أقلّ من البوتاسيوم مقارنةً بالطرازين الطريين. حيث حافظ هذان الأخيران على معدل K+/ Na+ مرتفع ( لاسيما طراز القمح الطري شام6 ) مقارنةً بالطرز الوراثية المدروسة.
Salinity constitutes a major obstacle to the growth of plants. Growing of cereal crops in Syria confronted with this problem. The utilization of a resistant cultivar to salinity has become imperative. A study of the hydric status, the leaves exclusion of Na+ and the selectivity K+/Na+, at the stage 4 leaves, of 5 cultivars of wheat (3 Durum Wheat: Horani, Sham 1, and Sham 3 ; and 2 Bread Wheat: Sham 4 and Sham 6) treated with five concentration of salt (control, 8, 12, 16, 20 dS m-1) has been conducted to understand the underlying mechanisms in order to develop criteria for improving resistance to the salinity.
Durum wheat tends to be less salt tolerant than Na+ and less K+ in their leaves and roots than bread wheat (Sham 4 and Sham 6). A high K+/Na+ ratio has been noted specially in Sham 6 compared with other studied cultivars.
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