Agriculture and Industry in Greater Syria under Egyptian Rule (1831-1841)

Abstract

        This article discusses agriculture and Industry in Greater Syria during Egyptian rule from 1831 to 1841. It summarizes the Egyptian government's attempt to transform the old agricultural and industrial structure, which was dominated by feudal lords, tax farmers, and governors who controlled most aspects of life. The Egyptian government paid special attention to agriculture, regulating land ownership, unifying the various taxes levied on peasants, developing neglected agricultural lands, settling Bedouin tribes as farmers, and protecting peasants from their raids. The Egyptian government also encouraged the cultivation of cash crops such as silk, cotton, sugarcane, and other important crops. Industry, however, did not receive the same level of attention and support as agriculture, as the Egyptian government was primarily focused on its own interests, aiming to transform Greater Syria into a primary source of raw (agricultural) materials and a market for its products. Nevertheless, the Egyptian government did establish some factories in the country. A major drawback of the Egyptian rule was its policy of conscription and forced labor, which severely impacted the population and both the agricultural and industrial sectors.