The historical and philosophical foundations of the philosophy of justice: A reading of Eastern experiences and the development of ethical standards

Abstract

This research analyzes the theoretical and philosophical foundations of justice through Western experiences centered on the participatory army as the first basic model. It traces the shift from the contractual to the ethical dimension, emphasizing equality as a core value in establishing justice.

The study adopts a critical vision that links historical roots with contemporary philosophical views, and concludes that justice is not the product of a specific age, but of a long historical accumulation and a collective civilizational memory that enriches its modern understanding.

The study also shows that modern conceptions of justice do not separate from their historical presence, and do not accept justice as a fixed formula. Rather, they see it as a changing process responsive to social transformations.

Among its key recommendations is strengthening historical awareness of justice by combining analytical methods with cultural programs, connecting ancient intellectual roots with contemporary practices, and encouraging further studies on the transformations of the concept of justice and the extent to which legal and social practices reflect intellectual developments.