Climate Extremes and Their Impact on Apple Cultivation in Latakia Governorate

Abstract

This research is a significant study of the impact of extreme climate changes on apple production in Latakia Governorate، Syria، given its role in food security and farmers' income. Apple cultivation in Latakia is characterized by its unique features، yet it faces increasing challenges due to climate changes. The research utilized a quantitative methodology relying on data collection from multiple sources، including historical climate data from meteorological stations and field data collected through a survey of a representative sample of apple farms in the governorate. The data included daily temperatures and monthly and annual averages from 2013 to 2023، as well as rainfall rates in the study area during this period. Additionally، data on apples (production، number of trees، area، etc.) were obtained، along with interviews with farmers to gather information about their agricultural practices and experiences with climate changes. The study analyzed the relationship between climatic variables (temperature and rainfall) and apple productivity using advanced statistical techniques.

The results of the study showed a clear negative impact of rainfall fluctuations on apple productivity، either through waterlogging of tree roots or through drought periods that lead to a shortage of water necessary for growth. In contrast، the study found no significant effect of temperature on productivity within the studied range.