Mhanna, Osama. “Mogul European Communications Between the Years ( 643/650) AH _(1245/1253)AD The Aim and the Reasons of Failure”. Latakia University Journal - Arts and Humanities Sciences Series 39, no. 4 (August 31, 2017). Accessed July 30, 2025. https://journal.latakia-univ.edu.sy/index.php/humlitr/article/view/3066.