عثمان ربيع. “Foreign Political Relations of the Western State of Tripoli During the Reign of Youssef Pasha Al-Qarmani Between the Years 1795 - 1832 AD”. Latakia University Journal - Arts and Humanities Sciences Series 45, no. 6 (January 16, 2024): 121–138. Accessed July 30, 2025. https://journal.latakia-univ.edu.sy/index.php/humlitr/article/view/16429.