A comparative study of failure modes occurring in Empress 2 crowns made with two different manufacturing techniques (In Vitro Study)
Abstract
Aim : the aim of this study is to Compare the failure modes occurring in all-ceramic crowns made according to the IPS Empress2 system, with two different techniques (IPS Press, IPS CAD) after exposing them to different forces in order to determine the effect of the manufacturing technique used on the failure pattern occurring in The aforementioned crowns, in addition to study the effect of the type of force applied (vertical forces, inclined forces at an angle of 45 degrees) on the pattern of failure occurring.
Materials and Methods: The research sample consisted of 36 upper first premolars, free of cavities and cracks, and of similar sizes. The sample’s teeth were all prepared according to the academic protocol used to prepare for receiving full porcelain crowns in a completely symmetrical manner with the help of the silicone guide. The sample was then randomly divided into two main groups, each numbering 18 premolars. Then the sample items were numbered from 1 to 36, where the first main group (numbered from 1 to 18) received 18 porcelain crowns made according to the ips empress 2 system using the IPS Press technique , and the second main group (numbered from 19 to 36 ) 18 porcelain crowns made according to the ips empress 2 system using IPS CAD technology. All crowns were glued to their abutments using resin cement according to the approved protocol of bonding and based on the manufacturer’s instructions. Then we divided each main group into two sub-groups, each with a number of 9 crowns, in order to apply vertical forces (90 degrees) to the crowns of the first sub-group and inclined forces (45 degrees) to the crowns of the second sub-group, using a universal testing machine, and then the failure modes occurring in all crowns of the sample were measured according to the F.J.T BURKE index, which Failure is classified into 5 successive degrees according to the degree of damage occurring in each crown of the specimen
Results: there were statistically significant differences in the failure modes occurring at a confidence level of 95% between crowns manufactured using the IPS press technique and crowns manufactured using the IPS cad technique when applying both vertical and oblique forces at an angle of 45 degrees in favor of crowns manufactured using the Ips press technique
Conclusions: IPS CAD technique used in the manufacture of all-porcelain crowns according to the ips empress 2 system gave less bad failure modes than IPS Press technique , The failure modes were less bad when applying oblique forces (45 degrees) compared to vertical ones. (90 degrees)
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