Latakia University (formerly Tishreen) Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Health Sciences Series
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Simple Renal Cysts Among Admitted Patients in the Nephrology Department at Latakia University Hospital in 2025
Background: Simple renal cysts are the most frequently encountered cystic lesions of the kidney. They are typically discovered incidentally on ultrasound, yet their relationship with chronic diseases and risk factors remains inconsistent across the literature, and local Syrian data are lacking. Objective: To determine the prevalence of simple renal cysts in patients admitted to the Nephrology Department of Latakia University Hospital and to identify independent demographic and clinical predictors. Methods: A observational analytical cross-sectional study included 485 patients admitted in 2025. All underwent renal ultrasound; cysts were classified using Bosniak I criteria. Data were analysed with SPSS v.25 including multivariate logistic regression. Results: Prevalence was 17.3%. Cysts were significantly more common in older patients and in males (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis confirmed advancing age, male sex, and impaired renal function as independent predictors. Hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and haematuria showed no independent association. Conclusion: Simple renal cysts are common among patients admitted to the nephrology department, and their prevalence increases in males, advancing age and deteriorating renal function; therefore, attention must be paid to this lesion in clinical practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Latakia University (formerly Tishreen) Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Health Sciences Series https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Relationship between Vaginal Bleeding in the First Trimester of Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes
Background: Vaginal bleeding in the first trimester affects 16–25% of all pregnancies. early bleeding can signal underlying placental dysfunction. Objective: To evaluate the impact of first-trimester vaginal bleeding that does not result in immediate pregnancy loss on ongoing pregnancy outcomes and neonatal health, Materials and Methods: A prospective analytical cohort study was conducted at Latakia University Hospital (March 2025 – March 2026) involving 80 singleton pregnancies. Participants were divided into a bleeding group (n=40) and a non-bleeding control group (n=40). Thorough clinical history, and serial ultrasound scans were utilized until delivery. Results: Bleeding was classified as moderate in 85% of cases. Baseline maternal demographic characteristics and cesarean section rates (p=0.09) did not differ significantly between groups. the bleeding group demonstrated a significantly shorter mean gestational age at birth (p=0.04), lower mean birth weight (p=0.001), and a higher rate of LBW (25% vs. 7.5%). first-trimester bleeding was robustly associated with increased rates of PTL (32.5% vs. 10%, p=0.0001), PROM (27.5% vs. 10%, p=0.002), and PTB(17.5% vs. 5%, p=0.02). Conclusions: First-trimester vaginal bleeding is a risk factor linked to late obstetric complications.
The Effect of An Early Mobilization Program on Abdominal Distension, Constipation Severity, and Respiratory Rate in Post-Operative Intestinal Obstruction Patients
This quasi-experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effect of implementing an early mobilization program on abdominal distension, constipation severity, and respiratory rate among postoperative patients who had undergone intestinal obstruction surgery. The study included 80 patients who were equally assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a structured early mobilization program based on specific parameters (timing, steps, frequency, and duration) starting from the patient’s recovery from anesthesia and continuing for three consecutive days, whereas the control group received only the routine postoperative nursing care following intestinal obstruction surgery. The study variables were measured for both groups before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using nonparametric tests (Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney) due to the nature of data distribution.The results revealed a statistically significant decrease (p ≤ 0.001) in abdominal distension and respiratory rate, while no significant effect was observed on constipation severity among participants in the experimental group compared with the control group. The study concludes that implementing an early mobilization program is an effective and safe non-pharmacological intervention to improve these outcomes in postoperative intestinal obstruction patients. The study recommends integrating this program into routine nursing care protocols.
Idiopathic Granulomatus Mastitis (Statistical Study)
Introduction: IGM is a rare, chronic inflammatory breast disease in childbearing-aged women. Posing management challenges, Histologically characterized by granulomas, giant cells, and microabscesses. Diagnosis requires histological confirmation after excluding other etiologies. Its etiology remains unknown, treatment is controversial, and recurrence ranges 16%-50%. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 31 patients at Lattakia University Hospital (2022–2024) to evaluate epidemiology, management, follow-up, and recurrence. Result: Patients aged 26–50 (mean: 37.8) all of childbearing age with significant lactation and smoking histories. Subareolar region was most affected, without bilateral disparity. Hard masses, pain, and fever were the most common presentation; ultrasound predominantly revealed abscesses. Surgical interventions, from wide local excision to total mastectomy, achieved complete resolution in 45%. Recurrence was 45.2%, and wound infection was the primary complication. Most patients reported good-to-excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes. All patients received antibiotics, while corticosteroids and methotrexate were used in 22.6% and 3.2%, respectively. Conclusion: IGM remains a critical differential diagnosis for breast cancer. High recurrence necessitates rigorous follow-up. Despite limited efficacy, antibiotics were heavily relied upon, while potent therapies (corticosteroids/methotrexate) were underutilized, underscoring the need for updated protocols prioritizing first-line medical management.
Organizational Culture and its Relationship with Certain Demographic Variables among the Nursing Staff
Organizational culture is a critical factor in shaping organizational strategies that influence institutional success, sustainability, adaptability, and performance improvement. It also plays a central role in guiding individuals’ behaviors and shaping their thinking patterns and professional aspirations. This descriptive study aimed to assess the level of organizational culture among staff at Latakia University Hospital. The sample included 950 participants comprising nursing directors, head nurses, and staff nurses, selected using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire developed based on an extensive review of the literature. The findings revealed a high overall level of organizational culture, with a total favorable rate of 96.6%. High scores were reported across all dimensions, including institutional goals (96.1%), respect for individuals (92.3%), teamwork (96.7%), support and encouragement (90.5%), discipline (97.8%), and innovation and creativity (96.1%). The results also indicated statistically significant differences related to educational level, economic status, and participation in specialized training programs. The study recommended strengthening organizational culture through clear institutional goals, promoting a respectful work environment, supporting teamwork, and providing continuous professional development opportunities to enhance innovation and improve organizational performance quality.
Effect of Applying Fosin Dressing Versus Zinc Oxide Moist Dressing on the Healing of Third-Degree Burns
Burns represent a major health concern affecting both adults and children. Superficial burns involve only the epidermis and upper dermis, whereas deep or full‑thickness burns extend into deeper dermal layers and may damage blood vessels and nerves. The primary goals of burn management are infection control, acceleration of wound healing, and achieving optimal cosmetic outcomes. To meet these goals, various modern burn‑care products are used in clinical practice. Third‑degree burn infections are particularly problematic, as they delay healing, prolong hospitalization, and increase treatment costs. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Fosin dressing compared with zinc oxide–moistened dressing in healing third‑degree burns. A quasi‑experimental design was applied at Latakia University Hospital in the reconstructive surgery department between January 2 and April 2, 2026, using a sample of 60 patients admitted during the study period. Data were collected After applying the two dressings separately to 30 patients for 15 days and analyzed statistically using SPSS. Results indicated that patients treated with zinc oxide dressing showed better healing outcomes than those treated with Fucidin, particularly when assessed on the tenth and fifteenth days. These findings highlight the importance of adopting zinc oxide dressings in burn units and support the need for further research on their role in improving diabetic foot wounds.
In vitro Bioequivalence Study of some Commercial brands of metronidazole tablets available in Syrian market
In developing countries, including Syria, access to brand-name drugs is often limited due to their high cost, increasing reliance on generic products and local alternatives. With numerous national pharmaceutical companies producing multiple brands of the same active ingredient, concerns arise whether these generic products provide therapeutic performance comparable to the reference product. Therefore, continuous quality monitoring and bioequivalence evaluation are essential to ensure efficacy and interchangeability. This study evaluated the in vitro bioequivalence of metronidazole tablets (500 mg) available in the Syrian market. Routine quality control and dissolution tests were conducted on tablets from four local companies (A, B, C, D), with two batches each. Results were compared with the reference product, and dissolution profiles analyzed using the difference factor (f1) and similarity factor (f2). All tablets complied with pharmacopeial requirements for weight uniformity, content uniformity, and friability, and showed acceptable hardness with disintegration times under 30 minutes. In dissolution tests, most generic products released over 85% of metronidazole within 60 minutes, except batches B1 and D1. Calculated f1 and f2 values indicated that only Company A tablets were bioequivalent to the reference product.
Coloration between Preoperative Sonographic Findings And Histopatholgical Results In Hysterectomy For Patients With Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Background: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) is a frequent medical problem among perimenopausal women and is considered the most common reason for hysterectomy in this age group. Objective: To evaluate the sonographic findings in patients with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and correlate them with histopathological results following hysterectomy in order to assess the role of ultrasound in diagnosing uterine lesions. Materials and Methods: This study included 138 women admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Lattakia University Hospital in Lattakia between January 2024 and January 2025, who underwent abdominal hysterectomy due to AUB. Clinical symptoms, sonographic findings, and posthysterectomy histopathological results were recorded, correlated, and compared. Results: The ages of the study sample ranged from 42 to 59 years, with the majority (65.9%) falling within the 40–45 age group. The most frequent complaint was menorrhagia (45.7%). The majority were diagnosed via ultrasound as having uterine fibroids (42.1%), with a sensitivity of 91.22% and a specificity of (92.59%). Histopathological reports showed that fibroids were the most common cause of AUB (41.3%), followed by normal findings (27.6%), and then adenomyosis (18.9%). Conclusion: Uterine fibroids represent the most common cause of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding, with high accuracy for diagnosis using ultrasound.
Studying of the Factors that Affect Healing of Venous Ulcers in Lower Limbs
Background: Venous leg ulcers are the most common type of chronic leg ulcers which represent a significant global health burden due to their high recurrence rates, prolonged healing times as well as affecting on quality of life, Identifying of prognostic factors affecting on wound healing is considered crucial to improve final outcome of patients. Aim: The aim of the current study was to investigate factors affecting on healing of lower leg venous ulcers. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analytical observational study that included 114 patients with venous leg ulcers resulting from chronic venous insufficiency, admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery at Lattakia University Hospital during the period 2023–2025. Independent factors negatively affecting venous ulcer healing were identified using multivariate analysis. Results: Among the 114 patients, 66 (57.9%) were males and 48 (42.1%) were females, with a mean age of 64.86±6.3 years. The ulcer healing rate was 61.4%. A previous history of deep vein thrombosis (RR: 5.4, p: 0.0001), increased ulcer size (RR: 4.9, p: 0.0001), longer ulcer duration before initiation of treatment (RR: 4.2, p: 0.0001), and non-adherence to compression therapy (RR: 3.5, p: 0.0001) were independent risk factors for delayed ulcer healing. Age and sex showed no effect on healing (p>0.05). The rates of delayed healing were higher in obese patients (75% vs. 25%, p: 0.03), but obesity was not an independent risk factor Conclusion: The current study showed that healing of venous ulcers is associated with ulcer characteristics, chronicity as well as venous factors especially previous DVT and non-adherence to compression therapy has a negative effect on healing.
The Effect of Modeling Education and Traditional Education on The Level of Psychological Compatibility of Deaf Students
Physical activity contributes to enhancing communication among students and developing their self-confidence, which may positively affect their psychological and social compatibility. Therefore, investigating instructional methods used in physical education classes and identifying the most effective ones to support the holistic development of students with disabilities is an important applied research area. This study aimed to compare between the effects of the modeling teaching method and the traditional sign language‑based teaching method in physical education classes on enhancing the level of psychological compatibility among deaf students. To achieve this, a quasi-experimental design with two equivalent groups was employed. The sample consisted of 28 male and female deaf students at the primary level at the Institute of Special Education for Hearing Impairment in Aleppo, aged between 9 and 10 years. The level of general psychological compatibility was assessed using a validated measure before and after the intervention. During the second academic semester, the intervention was implemented by delivering physical education lessons according to instructional units designed with the modeling method for the first group, while the second group continued to learn the same lessons using the sign language-based method. The results showed an improvement in the level of general psychological compatibility as well as in its personal, social, and emotional dimensions among deaf students who received instruction using the modeling method, also among those who received instruction using the traditional sign language-based method, with a statistically significant superiority in favor of the modeling method. In contrast, the family dimension did not show a significant improvement in either group. The researchers recommended emphasizing the application of the modeling method in physical education lessons at institutes of special education for the hearing impairment.
The Impact Of Some Socio-Cultural Environment Variables On The Level Of Physical Activity Among Adolescents (15-17) Years.
The research aimed to identify the level of physical activity among adolescent students (15-17 years) in schools of Lattakia and Hama governorates, in addition to identifying the differences in the level of physical activity among adolescent students in schools in Hama and Lattakia governorates (age: 15-17 years) according to the gender variable (males, females), and the educational level of parents (secondary and below - university and above). The researcher used the descriptive approach because it suits the nature of the study, and the questionnaire was used as a research tool, where the physical activity scale prepared by Al-Hazza 2014 (consisting of nine different questions) was applied to a sample consisting of (382) male and female adolescent students aged between 15-17 years in schools of Lattakia and Hama governorates. The research results showed that the level of physical activity among adolescents (15-17) years is low among male and female adolescent students, and the results also showed that the level of physical activity among male adolescents is higher than the level of physical activity among female adolescents. While there were no differences in the level of physical activity among adolescents attributable to the variable of parents’ educational level.
Evaluation Of Removable Acrylic Dentures Bases Resistance To Breakage After Repairing Using Different Materials And Multiple Surface Designs Of The Fracture Line Region (An Vitro Study)
Introduction: Repairing and strengthening removable denture bases is a useful solution for improving the resistance of removable prostheses to fracture forces caused by repeated use and accidental trauma. The widespread use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and its disadvantages related to mechanical properties, strengthening and repairing it using various methods has become an urgent necessity. Objective: This in vitro study aims to compare the flexural resistance of removable denture bases before and after repair using different repair methods. Materials and Methods: The study sample included 120 acrylic specimens in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and measuring 3*10*60. The sample was divided into 12 groups according to the repair material, fracture shape, and modifications made to the fracture line surface. These groups were tested with a flexural resistance test. Results: The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were statistical differences in the results of the flexural resistance of the samples before and after repair using different methods. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, we conclude that the repair techniques improved the flexural resistance of the repaired specimens. Repairing the non-combustible fracture specimens with heat cured acrylic with a 45° chamfer gave the highest values of flexural resistance.
Comparison of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Modified Triple Antibiotic Paste (3MIX-R) with Conventional Vehicle and Chlorhexidine Against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study
Root canal infections are among the main causes of endodontic treatment failure. Microorganisms located within the root canal system play a critical role in the persistence of periapical lesions after treatment. Among these microorganisms, Enterococcus faecalis is one of the most frequently isolated species in resistant endodontic infections due to its ability to survive under harsh environmental conditions and to persist for long periods within dentinal tubules. The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial efficacy of the modified triple antibiotic paste (3MIX-R) when combined with the conventional vehicle composed of macrogol and propylene glycol (MP) with its efficacy when chlorhexidine (CHX) was used as a carrier. The experiment was performed in triplicate for each group using the agar disk diffusion method. The diameters of the inhibition zones around the tested materials were measured after incubation The results demonstrated that the modified triple antibiotic paste mixed with macrogol and propylene glycol produced a strong inhibitory effect, whereas moderate inhibition was observed when chlorhexidine was used as the vehicle. The combination of 3MIX-R with the conventional vehicle showed the highest antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis.
Routine clinical and laboratory factors as predictive markers for non‑response to ABVD chemotherapy in classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a prospective cohort study
Introduction: Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a highly curable lymphoma, and the ABVD (Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vincristine, Dacarbazine) regimen is the standard treatment for early stages. However, 20-25% of patients do not respond adequately, exposing them to dual toxicity. Objective: To evaluate the ability of clinical and laboratory factors to predict failure to achieve complete remission in cHL patients treated with ABVD. Methods: Our prospective cohort study included 144 patients at Latakia University Hospital. Laboratory variables were measured before treatment, and response was classified according to Lugano criteria. logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Complete remission was achieved by 78.5% of patients, while 21.5% did not. B symptoms, bulky mass, and low lymphocyte count before treatment were independently associated with failure to achieve complete remission. A synergistic interaction was found between B symptoms and bulky mass, and their combined presence increased the risk of non-response 6.6-fold. Conclusion: Routine factors (B symptoms, bulky mass, low lymphocyte count) constitute a practical predictive tool to identify patients at risk of non-response to the ABVD, and validation of the results in larger studies is recommended.
Effect of Ozone Gas (O3) Therapy versus Saturated Fusidic Acid Dressing on Bacterial Swab Count and Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcer Area
Introduction: Nurses are the cornerstone of comprehensive care for diabetic foot ulcer patients, playing a pivotal role in ensuring the success of treatment protocols, whether using ozone gas or fusidic acid dressings. Objective: The current quasi-experimental study aimed to compare the effectiveness of treatment with ozone gas (O3) versus saturated fusidic acid dressing on bacterial smear count and chronic diabetic ulcer grade. Materials and Methods: The study sample included diabetic patients with diabetic foot ulcers in two experimental groups (15 patients in each group). The first group underwent ozone therapy and the second group underwent treatment by applying saturated fusidic dressing. They were selected using the convenient sampling method, and using two instruments, the first of which was developed by the researcher and the second translated (the Wagner scale for assessing the area and degree of wounds).Results: It showed that diabetic ulcers in the group that underwent ozone treatment showed a faster and greater rate of area and degree reduction compared to the second group. Recommendations: The study recommended including ozone therapy protocols among complementary treatment options in diabetic foot ulcer management programs, especially in cases that show a slow response to traditional treatments.
Nurses’ Knowledge of Hip Fracture care in Relation to Demographic Variables
Introduction: Hip fracture is one of the most common injuries worldwide, leading to deterioration of health status, reduced quality of life, and increased disability levels among patients. This type of fracture is a major cause of loss of mobility and social interaction, imposing a significant burden on patients and their families. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge among nursing staff regarding care provided to hip fracture patients in relation to demographic variables. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of 30 nursing staff members in the Orthopedic Surgery Department at Lattakia University Hospital in Lattakia. Data were collected between February 2026 and March 2026 using a structured questionnaire comprising two parts: the first part covered demographic and professional data, and the second part consisted of a scale assessing nursing staff knowledge about nursing care provided to hip fracture patients. Results: The findings of the current study revealed a generally low and severe deficit in knowledge among all nursing staff members regarding preoperative and postoperative care for hip fracture patients. Recommendations: Develop and implement standardized protocols for nursing care of hip fracture patients before and after surgery. Conduct further studies on the adult population regarding nursing staff knowledge of hip fracture care with a larger sample size.
The Impact of Digital Nursing Interventions on Restoring Functional Range of Motion in the Elbow and Wrist Joints Post-Arteriovenous Fistula Surgery
Movement restriction and limited range of motion (ROM) of the elbow and wrist joints constitute a major clinical challenge following arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation surgery, and digital health interventions represent an innovative rehabilitative approach to address this challenge. Therefore, this experimental study aimed to evaluate the impact of digital nursing interventions on restoring the functional ROM of the elbow and wrist joints during the early AVF maturation period (40 days). The research was conducted on a sample of (60) patients, divided using simple random sampling into two equal groups: an experimental group to which the digital nursing intervention was applied, and a control group that received routine care. Data were collected using two tools: a demographic, clinical, and surgical data questionnaire, and a movement restriction assessment form (extension and flexion) applied periodically on days (10, 20, 30, and 40) post-surgery. The results revealed a statistically significant superiority in favor of the experimental group in restoring normal joint ROM by the end of the follow-up period, which proves the effectiveness of the digital nursing intervention as a supportive rehabilitative tool in this context. The study recommends the systematic integration of mobile digital health technologies into surgical discharge protocols to ensure the comprehensive functional motor recovery of the extremity following AVF creation.
Nursing Care Procedures Provided To Pregnant Women After Miscarriage In Public Hospitals In Latakia
Introduction: Miscarriage is one of the most common reproductive health problems in the world, and constitutes a health, psychological, and social challenge for women. Objective: This descriptive study aimed to evaluate the application of nursing care procedures for women after miscarriage in public hospitals in Lattakia. Research materials and methods: According to the descriptive approach, data was collected from a convenient sample that included 55 midwives working at Lattakia University Hospital and the Maternity Hospital, using a tool consisting of two parts: demographic and professional data, and a form for observing nursing care procedures for women after a miscarriage, during the period between the sixth month of 2025 and the tenth month of 2025. Results: The study showed that the level of application of nursing care procedures for women after abortion was high within the operating room 100%, average in the pre-surgical preparation stage 74.50%, and significantly low after leaving the operating room 43.27%, especially in the physical aspects 6.67% and psychological aspects 2.14%. Recommendations: The need to Prepare and implement clear written protocols for nursing care before, during and after abortion, and evaluate the impact of training programs on improving the level of implementation of comprehensive care and to organize periodic training programs for midwives.
Pharmacological Synergism between Sildenafil and Nifedipine in Prolonging Pregnancy and Improving Neonatal Outcomes in Patients with Imminent Preterm Labor A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (RCT) with Survival Analysis and Statistical Modeling
Background & Objective: Preterm labor remains a major obstetric challenge. This study evaluates the clinical efficacy of the synergistic combination of Sildenafil and Nifedipine versus Nifedipine monotherapy in delaying delivery. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) involved 239 pregnant women (24–34 weeks of gestation) with threatened preterm labor. Patients were randomized to a monotherapy control group (Nifedipine, n=118) or a combination study group (Nifedipine + Sildenafil, n=121). Results: The combination therapy demonstrated overwhelming superiority, prolonging pregnancy by a median of 29 days compared to 7 days in the monotherapy group (P=0.002). This significant time gain translated into improved neonatal outcomes, increasing mean birth weight (2381g vs. 2090g, P=0.012) and markedly reducing Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission rates (31.4% vs. 44.1%, P=0.043). Conclusion: Adding Sildenafil offers a comprehensive therapeutic strategy. Beyond mechanical tocolysis, it optimizes placental perfusion, significantly enhancing neonatal health and reducing morbidity. The strength of this study lies in its relatively large sample size (239 patients), and the use of advanced statistical methodologies (such as survival analysis and multiple regression analysis) to ensure the robustness of the results against any confounding factors.
Harvesting the Bone Ring Graft from the Mandibular Symphysis: A Technique-Focused Protocol for Safe and Predictable Procurement
Background: The Bone Ring Graft (BRG) technique using autogenous bone from the mandibular symphysis is an advanced solution for reconstructing localized alveolar ridge defects, offering advantages over traditional block grafts in simplicity and reduced morbidity. Objective: To present a detailed, step-by-step surgical protocol for the safe and predictable harvesting of a BRG from the mandibular symphysis. Methods: This protocol emphasizes rigorous preoperative CBCT analysis to establish a three-dimensional "safe zone," defined by minimum 5 mm margins from tooth apices, mental neurovascular bundles, and the inferior mandibular border. It guides clinicians through critical phases: flap design, depth-controlled trephine osteotomy, atraumatic graft retrieval, donor site management, and graft preparation. Results: Adherence to this structured approach enables surgeons to systematically minimize risks of nerve injury and root damage while optimizing graft viability. The technique yields a cylindrical corticocancellous graft of predetermined dimensions with minimal donor site morbidity. Conclusion: When executed according to this focused protocol, the BRG technique is a reliable method for procuring high-quality autogenous bone, supporting successful functional and aesthetic implant rehabilitation.
Assessment of Knowledge and Adherence to Infection Control Protocols among Nurses in General and Pediatric Intensive Care Units
Background: Nosocomial infections are a major problem, particularly in acute care settings. Nurses play a pivotal role in controlling and preventing these infections by using infection control procedures. Aim: To assess the knowledge and adherence of nurses to the infection control protocol in general and pediatric intensive care units at Latakia University Hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by a purposive sampling method with 50 nurses, using a questionnaire assessing their knowledge and adherence to infection control protocols. Results: The study revealed that the majority of nurses had experience in the intensive care unit between 5-10 years, a high level of knowledge and a good level of adherence to standard precautions and preventive measures, as well as a weak positive relationship between the level of knowledge and the level of adherence to standard precautions and preventive measures among them (r = 0.262) and (p = 0.066). Conclusion: A gap exists between knowledge and professional practice, requiring the enhancement of safety culture and the provision of logistical support to ensure compliance with infection control protocols
The reality of using Lumineers in cosmetic dentistry
Background: Lumineers represent a breakthrough in aesthetic dentistry due to their no‑prep placement, yet their use raises debate regarding periodontal and functional complications. This study aimed to evaluate their real‑world use in local practice (Syria) regarding dentists’ knowledge and practices. Methods: A descriptive cross‑sectional study was conducted on 120 dentists who had placed at least 10 Lumineers cases, using a validated electronic questionnaire; data were analyzed with SPSS. Results: 80% worked in private practice, and 40% relied on self‑learning without hands‑on training. 20% mistakenly believed Lumineers could correct severe crowding without orthodontics. Only 25% used the specialized thermosetting adhesive. Most frequent complications: debonding (80%), chipping (70%), and bulky appearance (60%). Poor case selection was identified as the primary failure cause by 80%. 50% estimated the 3‑year success rate at 75‑90%. Conclusion: Lumineers are a promising aesthetic option provided strict adherence to case selection criteria and the use of dedicated bonding materials. Gaps in hands‑on training and regular follow‑up demand national guidelines.
Coping Stress Strategies And Their Relation With Some Demographic Data Among Nursing Staff At Lattakia University Hospital
Nursing is a stressful, high-risk profession. Heavy workloads lead to high stress levels, which degrade nursing care and endanger patients. Implementing effective stress management strategies is crucial for maintaining clinical standards. Coping strategies comprise nine domains organized into two distinct clusters. The adaptive (positive) cluster consists of strategies such as problem-solving, planning, and social support. The negative group includes self-blame, passive acceptance, emotional release, and avoidance strategies. Aim of study: To determine the relation between stress coping strategies and socio-demographic characteristics among nursing staff. Methodology: descriptive cross-sectional study. The study sample: nursing staff in Latakia University Hospital (N=200), 50 % of the entire study population (400 nurse), who were present during the data collection process, sample method (convenient method). Results: The results revealed that problem-solving is the primary coping mechanism used by nursing staff to manage work-related stress. A strong correlation was found between coping strategies and socio-demographic data, particularly regarding positive strate gies and the type of ward in which the nursing staff worked. Surgical departments were observed to employ problem-solving, self-control, planning, and social support strategies. Internal medicine departments ranked highest in effective coping strategies. As for the negative strategies (blame, acceptance, dismissal, and avoidance), no statistically significant difference was observed.
Assessing the Challenges Facing Healthcare Workers in Providing Healthcare in Refugee Camps
Introduction: Camps provide a haven for refugees seeking safety and shelter, but the continuation of conflicts and prolonged stays lead to the emergence of new challenges related to infrastructure, basic services, and healthcare, and others. Objective: To assess the challenges facing healthcare workers in providing healthcare in refugee camps. Materials and Methods: This research followed a descriptive design and was conducted in the Atmeh and Kafr Lusin camps in northern Syria from June 1, 2025, to July 1, 2025. The sample consisted of 100 doctors and nurses, selected using convenience sampling. A three-part questionnaire was used to collect data: demographics, information about work within the camps, and a scale assessing the challenges facing healthcare. Results: The most significant administrative and organizational challenges are the lack of sufficient administrative training for healthcare staff, a shortage of human resources needed to provide care efficiently. The most significant technical and operational challenges are that financial constraints affect to provide modern medical technologies, and that climatic conditions affect in altering the performance of technical equipment. Conclusion and Recommendations: The most significant psychological and social challenges in the camps are that camp conditions and life within them affect the psychological state of the health car staff, and that health car staff do not feel social stability within the camp work environment. The most important recommendations Conduct similar studies involving a larger number of healthcare staff in order to generalize the results. Conduct future studies to investigate the causes of the existing challenges in the camps and work on addressing them.
Assessment Of Parents' Satisfaction Towards Nursing Care Provided To Their Children During Chemotherapy
patients’ experiences and satisfaction are considered to be vital components for healthcare interventions evaluation, and family support and satisfaction is one of the factors that can affect the quality of life of children with cancer,. Thus, the level of parent’s satisfaction with health care can be used as a good variable for measuring quality of care. This study aimed to assess the level of cancer children’s parents’ satisfaction during chemotherapy. a cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted on a convenient sample of 100 persons of fathers and mothers of the pediatric cancer patients were selected. Data was collected using a two-part questionnaire: socio-demographic data part and parents’ satisfaction assessment tool. Results showed a medium level of parents’ satisfaction of the total nursing care provided to their children during chemotherapy. It is recommended to improve medical and nursing staff communications with parents of children with cancer and provide them with the sufficient information about their child’s condition.
Studying Hypospadias Repair Complications
Hypospadias is a significant health issue affecting children and their families. Although various surgical techniques exist for correction, most carry a certain risk of diverse postoperative complications.This study investigated these complications and their correlation with patient age, as well as the location and severity of hypospadias. A prospective study was conducted in the Urology Department of Al-Latakia University Hospital on 78 patients. Postoperative complications were recorded in 26 patients (33.4%), with urethral fistula being the most common (9%). The complication rate was higher in patients older than 5 years (57.6%) compared to younger children (42.4%). Furthermore, posterior hypospadias cases had the highest complication rate (42.4%), compared to mid-penile (34.6%) or anterior (23%) cases.This study highlights the importance of understanding hypospadias repair complications to achieve optimal functional and cosmetic outcomes. Advanced age (>5 years) and a posterior location are key factors increasing complication risk.
Leadership Styles in Health Crisis Management in Government Hospitals in Latakia City
Health crises are inevitable events that are difficult to predict and require effective preparedness and management strategies. Hospitals play a central role in responding to such crises, highlighting the importance of effective leadership styles among nursing leaders. This study aimed to identify the prevailing leadership styles among head nurses in managing health crises in government hospitals in Latakia city from the perspective of nursing staff. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected from a convenient sample of 500 nurses working at Latakia University Hospital and the National Hospital in Latakia. The Leadership Styles Scale consisting of 30 items covering three leadership styles (transformational, transactional, and inspirational leadership) was used to assess leadership behaviors during health crisis management. Results: The results showed that transformational leadership was the most prevalent leadership style among head nurses (Mean = 3.90 ± 0.640). Inspirational leadership demonstrated a supportive role in improving staff morale and facilitating rapid response to crisis situations. Transactional leadership showed comparatively lower mean scores, indicating its more limited contribution to crisis management, as it mainly focuses on routine organizational processes rather than adaptive decision-making during emergencies. Conclusion: The study recommends strengthening transformational leadership practices and developing specialized leadership training programs for head nurses to enhance crisis preparedness and response effectiveness in government hospitals.
Media Obstacles to the Marketing of Players in the Syrian Premier League
This study aimed to identify the media-related obstacles to marketing football players in the Syrian Premier League. The research adopted a descriptive approach and used a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 100 participants (players, coaches, and administrators). The study results showed that the level of media-related obstacles to marketing players in the Syrian Premier League is high. Furthermore, clubs do not contract with specialized media agencies for player marketing, and the lack of media content (such as videos, analyses, and interviews) weakens the opportunities for marketing players. This highlights the importance of media and management in supporting the sports marketing process within clubs. The significance of this study lies in shedding light on the reality of media marketing for players in the Syrian Premier League, which can help relevant parties diagnose existing shortcomings. Its findings can also support decision-makers within clubs and sports federations in developing more effective media strategies that contribute to improving player marketing and raising their professional level.
Theoretical Foundations of Decompressive Craniectomy for Intracranial Hypertension in the Management of Edema secondary to Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction
This study aims to elucidate the theoretical foundations of decompressive craniectomy as a therapeutic option for the management of cerebral edema resulting from malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction. This subtype of ischemic stroke is among the most catastrophic cerebrovascular events due to the rapid rise in intracranial pressure, which may lead to brain herniation and significantly increased mortality. Through our review of some of the published literature, and in comparison with theoretical and pathophysiological principles, it was found that decompressive craniectomy for intracranial hypertension is based on the removal of a large portion of the cranial bone, thereby allowing the edematous brain to expand beyond the confines of the skull. This reduces the risk of injury to vital intact structures, improves cerebral perfusion, and prevents brain herniation. Evidence further demonstrates that early surgical intervention within the first hours of neurological deterioration is associated with improved survival. This study also recommends the development of unified Arabic protocols for the adoption of this procedure in cases of MCA occlusion–related infarction, along with structured training programs for medical teams to ensure standardized practice.
Influence of Irrigation Protocol within Fiber Post Cementation on The Bond Strength
Aim of study: To determine the most effective irrigation protocol during fiber post cementation after filling with bioceramic sealer. Materials and Methods: A sample of extracted human lower premolars (n=20) was divided into two groups according to the irrigation protocol used during fiber post cementation (group 1 included an irrigation protocol containing sodium hypochlorite, EDTA and distilled water, while group 2 included irrigation with distilled water only). The coronal section of each tooth was removed up to the cementoenamel junction, the root lengths were standardized to 14±1 mm, endodontic treatment was performed, then the post space was prepared and irrigated by one of two irrigation protocols, the fiber post was cemented, and three slices were cut from each tooth, finally, the push-out test was applied to evaluate the bond strength. Results: There is no statistically significant difference between the average correlation strengths of the two groups. Conclusion: There is no clear difference in the bond strength of the fiber post with root dentin when using either of the two irrigation protocols used in this study during post cementation.