The Evolution of Mashrabiya: From Traditional Patterns to Modern Climatic Adaptations

Abstract

This study examines the evolution of the Mashrabiya from a traditional wooden screen associated with passive cooling and privacy to a contemporary architectural element discussed through sustainability, material innovation, and cultural identity. Drawing on a focused qualitative review of 28 selected studies, the paper examines four interrelated dimensions: historical development, environmental performance, cultural meaning, and material transformation.

The reviewed literature suggests that traditional Mashrabiya functioned not only as an ornamental feature, but also as a climate-responsive architectural device that contributed to shading, airflow regulation, and privacy control, particularly in hot-arid contexts. Contemporary reinterpretations, including parametric, kinetic, and digitally fabricated systems, appear to extend some of these functions through new materials and design technologies. However, the literature also indicates that technical adaptation does not automatically preserve the social, symbolic, and material meanings associated with the traditional element. Within the limits of the selected corpus, the review identifies three underdeveloped areas: limited comparability of environmental performance evidence, unclear criteria for assessing cultural continuity, and insufficient attention to lower-impact materials. The study therefore argues for a more integrated approach to Mashrabiya reinterpretation.