Evaluating the Integration between Stereoscopic Aerial Photogrammetry and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in 3D Buildings Modelling

Abstract

This study aims to develop an accurate and efficient 3D urban model by integrating stereo analysis and photogrammetry with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It emphasizes the necessity of reliable spatial (2D and 3D) and descriptive data to support urban planning and resource management. Interior and exterior orientations were performed on two aerial images, yielding precise results. The root mean square error (RMSE) values were 7 microns for the left image and 5.25 microns for the right image, both within acceptable limits (under 8.25 microns). The total RMSE for ground control points was 0.065 meters, confirming high triangulation accuracy.

3D features were visually digitized using anaglyph glasses within the overlap area, classified into a structured feature database, and compiled to create a 3D spatial and descriptive database. A Python script extracted average elevation values (Z_ave) from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with 1.5-meter vertical accuracy, thereby enhancing processing speed and efficiency. The final model was constructed in ArcScene after visual quality checks. The study concludes that this methodology produces precise and practical 3D urban models suitable for applications such as urban planning, risk assessment, and infrastructure modeling.