Performance Evaluation of Handover Process in 5G-based Vehicular Networks

Abstract

Device-to-device (D2D) communication plays a vital role due to the deployment of 5G networks in enabling real-time communication between vehicles to avoid collisions and manage traffic flow on roads, as well as the ability to use VoIP, video streaming, and gaming applications, as data traffic is directed between devices directly, reducing the load on the base station, which in turn leads to improving system capacity and end-user satisfaction. Given that millions of users are using their mobile phone operating systems in their cars, whether by displaying their phones on the main unit of their car (Dashboard) or using the integrated operating system in the main unit (Automotive OS) enables VoIP calls in cars in hands-free mode, which contributes to reducing traffic accidents. This research provides an evaluation of the Handover process in 5G vehicle networks, as nodes in vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems experience more frequent handovers due to the high mobility of vehicles. Therefore, maintaining link quality poses an important challenge. The results have shown that handover decision-making based on the A3 event gives better performance in terms of Packet Loss Rate and average Ping-Pong probability, while RSS-based handover decision gives better performance in terms of End-to-End latency.