دراسة نقدية وتحليلية لأساليب التسعير لدى الشركات (على أساس النفقات)
Abstract
يتناول هذا البحث دراسة نقدية تحليلية لأسلوب التسعير لدى الشركات التي تأخذ بمبدأ النفقات عند تشكيل أسعار منتجاتها. حيث يتناول البحث طريقتين أساسيتين هما: طريقة النفقات الكاملة بأنواعها المختلفة (النفقات المتوسطة, النفقات المعيارية, الخط البياني للتجربة, النفقات زائد زيادة معيارية, النفقات زائد زيادات مختلفة), وطريقة النفقات المتغيرة. حيث بينت الدراسة العلاقة بين "السعر- المبيعات" (رد فعل الطلب), و"السعر- النفقات" (إمكانيات وظروف الشركة في الإنتاج), و"السعرـ الربح" (هدف الشركة).
وتم تحليل ونقد كل طريقة من طرق النفقات المتبعة وتبيان ذلك من خلال أمثلة توضيحية تبين بدقة طريقة الحساب وكيفية تحديد سعر البيع وإمكانية استمراره في (ظل ظروف ومتغيرات السوق والشركات المنافسة وفي ظل المتغيرات الاقتصادية العامة) وبالتالي تحقيق الربح المنشود.
وقد توصلنا إلى بعض النتائج والمقترحات الهامة التي يمكن أن تساهم في إمكانية اختيار الطريقة المناسبة لكل شركة والتي يمكن من خلالها تحقيق القدر اللازم من الأرباح والاستمرارية والنمو والازدهار .
This research is a critical and analytical study for pricing methods for companies which adopt the basis of expenses in pricing their products. This research studies two basic methods: The first is the method of total expenses with its different kinds (average expenses, standard expense, the graph of the experiment, expenses plus standard increase, expenses plus various increases). The second is the method of variable expenses. The study shows the relation between "price- sales” (reaction of demand), and “Price- expenses” (potentials and conditions of the company in production), and “price- gain” (company’s goal) .
Each of the current methods of expenses was criticized and analyzed and illustrated through examples showing the way of calculation, the way of determining the sales price and the possibility of its continuance in the light of market state and conditions, the competing companies, and the general new economic conditions, and soachieving the aimed gain.
We have got some important results and suggestions which could contribute to the possibility of choosing the suitable way for each company, through which the necessary amount of gain, prosperity, growth and continuance could be achieved.
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