The Evolution of Neutrality Strategies as a Tool for Influencing International Relations A Comparative Analytical Study of the Sultanate of Oman's Experience and Selected International Models And the Possibility of Implementing It in Syria

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the evolution of the concept of neutrality in international relations as a strategic tool for conflict management and enhancing state stature, with a focus on the Omani experience in comparison with selected international models (Switzerland, Austria, Ireland, Costa Rica), and explores its Potential application in Syria. The study adopted descriptive-analytical and comparative approaches, using SWOT analysis to assess strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in each model. It also employed the case study methodology for the Omani experience, analyzing policies and legislative frameworks supporting neutrality policy. The findings reveal that neutrality has evolved from a passive stance based on non-intervention to a dynamic, positive, and effective strategy, with the addition of a digital dimension reflecting contemporary technological challenges, which has become a fundamental requirement for sovereignty in cyberspace. The Omani experience demonstrated remarkable flexibility in adapting to regional crises, earning it a credible mediator role trusted by all international and regional parties. In the Syrian case, the study concludes that adopting a hybrid dynamic neutrality model, inspired by Oman and benefiting from international best practices, could represent a realistic path for reconstruction, national reconciliation, and international reintegration, provided there is strong political will, robust institutions, and a supportive environment. The study recommends a "dual-track model" integrating internal reform and external diplomacy, emphasizing the importance of the digital dimension in contemporary neutrality strategy.