حصر المسببات المرضية الفطرية على بعض الأعشاب في الساحل السوري
Abstract
في دراسة لحصر المسببات المرضية الفطرية التي تصيب الأعشاب الضارة في الساحل السوري ، وجد أن 57 عشباً يتبع فصائل نباتية مختلفة أصيبت بأجناس فطرية متعددة. كانت مسببات البياض الدقيقي هي الأكثر شيوعاً حيث أصابت 44 عشباً وخاصة الجنسErysiphe spp. الذي أصاب 39 منها. وكانت مسببات الأصداء موجوده على 26 نباتاً ،20 منها مصابة بالجنس Puccinia spp. و4 بالجنس Uromyces spp. و2 بالجنس spp. Melampsora حيث ظهر على حشيشة الزئبق الطوران البكني والآسيدي ، وأما مسبب الصدأ الأبيض Albugo candida فقط وجد على 6 أعشاب 4 منها تعود للفصيلة الصليبية ، و2 للفصيلة المركبة. أما مسببات البياض الزغبي فقد وجدت على 3 أعشاب فقط حيث أصاب الجنس Bremia spp. عشبتي علك الغزال وزهرة الشيخ ، والجنس Peronospora spp. عشبه رجل الإوز الأبيض .وتم تحديد 10 أعشاب من الفصيلة النجيلية مصابة بأمراض التفحم من جنس Ustilago spp. وقد أصابت أمراض التبقعات المختلفة 30 عشباً وكان الجنس Alternaria spp. هو الأكثر انتشاراً فأصاب 13 عشباً، بينما وجد كل من الأجناس Helminthosporium spp. وCladosporium spp. وStemphylium spp. على 4 أعشاب والجنس Septoria spp. على عشبتين فقط. أما الأجناس Stigmina spp. وColletotrichum spp. وSclerotinia spp. فقط أصاب كل منها عشب واحد فقط.
لوحظ أن بعض هذه المسببات أدت إلى موت الأعشاب المصابة بها وهذا يعطي مجالاً واعداً بإمكانية متابعة دراستها لاستخدامها في المكافحة الحيوية للأعشاب الضارة.
This study was carried out to survey the fungal pathogens, which infect the weeds in the Syrian coastal region. Fifty seven weeds belonging to several botanical families were infected with several fungal genera .Powdery mildew pathogens were most commonly present infecting forty four weeds ,whereas thirty nine were infected with Erysiphe spp.. Rust pathogens have been detected on twenty six weeds; Puccinia spp. on twenty weeds, Uromyces spp. on four weeds and Melampsora spp. on two weeds. The pycniospores and aeciospores stages were obvious on annual mercury weed
Albugo candida pathogen was found on four cruciferous and two composite weeds. Downy mildew pathogens were found on three weeds only; annual sowthistle and common ground sel weeds were infected with Bremia spp. while common lambsquarters weed was infected with Peronospora spp.. Ten Gramineous weeds were infected with Ustilago species fungi causing smut diseases .Thirty weeds were infected with various spot pathogens ; Alternaria spp. was found on thirteen weeds, each of Helminthosporium spp., Cladiosporium spp., Stemphilium spp. was found on four weeds and Septoria spp. on two weeds only. Each of genera Stigmina spp., Colletotrichum spp. and Sclerotinia spp. was found on one weed.
We noticed that some of these pathogens have caused death to the infected weeds and they may have a potential for use in biological control of weeds.
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