Estimating cost functions and economies of scale for garlic crops in Tartous Governorate for the 2025 agricultural season

Abstract

The research aimed to estimate garlic production costs in Tartous Governorate during the 2025 agricultural season, and to determine the total and marginal cost functions and the effect of economies of scale on total cost. The study used descriptive, analytical, and quantitative approaches, based on data from a stratified random sample of 90 farms according to their size. Results showed that the cost per kilogram decreased with farm size: 2,624.09 Syrian pounds on small farms, 2,361.68 on medium-sized farms, and 2,099.27 on large farms. Organic fertilizer accounted for the largest share of production requirements on small farms, while sorting and packaging represented the largest share of agricultural operations. The marginal cost function indicated economies of scale, with a 1% increase in farm area reducing total costs by 0.061%. Elasticities showed that a 1% increase in production inputs and agricultural operations increased total costs by 0.713% and 0.29%, respectively. The study recommended gradually expanding farm size, improving fertilizer practices, enhancing farmer training programs, and adopting modern technologies to maximize production efficiency and reduce costs.