Assessment of Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Groundwater and Surface Water Resources near the Kafriya Asphalt Quarry, Northwestern Syria

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the hydrogeochemical characteristics to determine water quality in the vicinity of the asphalt quarry in Kafriya village, northwestern Syria. Seventeen water samples (11 wells, 3 springs, 3 rivers) were collected during May 2025. Physical and chemical analyses were conducted for some physical parameters
(pH, EC, TDS), in addition to the concentrations of major ions.

The results showed that the water type of the samples is calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate (Ca-Mg-HCO₃), and that water-carbonate rock interaction is the dominant geochemical process controlling water chemistry, according to Piper and Gibbs diagrams.

TDS values ranged from 975 to 2480 ppm, and total hardness ranged from 410 to 1157 ppm (very hard water). Other pollution indicators (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate) showed low concentrations.

The water is suitable for drinking according to World Health Organization standards in terms of major ions, and irrigation indices (SAR, Na%) indicated it is safe for agricultural use. However, the elevated RSC values in most samples indicate a potential risk to soil structure with long-term use.

The study recommends establishing a regular monitoring network for water quality in the area to mitigate any potential impact over time.